Verbs

⌂

Infinitive verbs end with -ti or -či.

Slovene mostly uses the present, past and future tenses.

Present tense

In the present tense suffixes change according to plurality (singular, dual or plural) and grammatical person (1st, 2nd or 3rd person). They do not change for gender (masculine, feminine or neuter).

present tense of *biti* (to be) with pronouns
	singular			dual			plural
	m	f	n	m	f	n	m	f	n
1st person	jaz sem	jaz sem	-	midva sva	midve sva	-	mi smo	me smo	-
2nd person	ti si	ti si	-	vidva sta	vidve sta	-	vi ste	ve ste	-
3rd person	on je	ona je	ono je	onadva sta	onidve sta	onidve sta	oni so	one so	ona so

present tense of *biti* (to be) without pronouns
	singular	dual	plural
1st person	sem	sva	smo
2nd person	si	sta	ste
3rd person	je	sta	so

present tense of *sedeti* (to sit)
	singular	dual	plural
1st	sedim	sediva	sedimo
2nd	sediš	sedita	sedite
3rd	sedi	sedita	sedijo
Note that the second e in sedeti changes to an i.
The -ti is removed leaving the root, sedi, to which suffixes are added.

The l-participle

This is used to form both the past and future tenses.

The l-participle of a verb is formed by removing the -ti of the infinitive form and adding a suffix which starts with the letter "l".

The particular l-participle suffix that is used depends on the gender and the plurality but not on the grammatical person of the subject of the verb.

l-participle
	singular			dual			plural
	m	f	n	m	f	n	m	f	n
1st, 2nd, 3rd persons	‑l	‑la	‑lo	‑la	‑li	‑li	‑li	‑le	‑la

Past tense

The past tense is formed by combining the relevant present tense form of the verb, biti (to be), with the appropriate form of the l-participle of a verb.

This holds true for forming the past tense of biti itself.

Using sedeti (to sit) as an example: we have seen that I sit (whether I refers to a male or female) is translated as sedim. I sat would be translated as sedel sem if the speaker was male and sedela sem if the speaker was female.

In summary, to form the past tense of a verb find the appropriate l-participle for the verb and combine it with the relevant form of the present tense of biti (to be).

Future tense

The future tense of biti (to be) can be used on its own or as an auxillary verb together with the l-particple of another verb giving the future tense of the latter verb.

future tense of *biti* (to be)
	singular	dual	plural
1st person	bom	bova	bomo
2nd person	boš	bosta	boste
3rd person	bo	bosta	bodo